A182/A182M–07a
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service1
高温用锻制或轧制合金钢和不锈钢法兰、锻制管件、阀门和部件
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 182/A 182M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.本规范是在原本名称A182/A182M下发行；在名称之后的号码表示原本实行的年度，
如果修改，是最新修改的年度。
A number in parentheses indicates the year of last re-approval.插入语号码表示最新允许的年度。
A superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or re-approval.
上标字母（ε）表示自最后修订版或再允许的编辑上改变。
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
此规范已通过国防部代表的批准。
1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications.本标淮由ASTM关于钢、不锈钢和有关合金A01委员会所管辖并由管道用锻钢件和锻制管件及管道和特殊用途螺栓材料A01.22分委员会直接负责。
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1935. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A 182/A 182M – 07. 现行版本2007年09月1日批准。
2007年10月出版。最早版本是在1935年允许。上一版本是在2007年以A182/A182M-07允许发行。
1. Scope* 范围
1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified
dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specifications that are referenced in Section 2. 本标准适用于压力系统使用的锻制低合金钢和不锈钢的管道部件，其中包括法兰、管件、阀门和符合规定尺寸的或第二章中引用的尺寸标准（如ASME标准）的相似零件。
2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-182 in Section II of that Code.对于ASME锅炉与压力容器规范的应用见该规范第II卷的有关规范SA-182
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar, refer to Specifications A 479/A 479M and A 739 for the similar grades available in those specifications. Products made to this
specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. For larger products and products for other applications, refer to Specifications A 336/A 336M and A 965/
A 965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in those specifications.棒材和由棒材直接加工成的产品，参照规范A479/A479M和A739中适用的类似的牌号。依据本标准制造的产品限制其最大重量为10000磅（4540kg）。
对于较大产品和其它用途的产品参照规范A336/A336M和A965/A965M中中适用的类似铁素体钢和奥斯田铁钢牌号，各自在那些规范中可获得。
1.3 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements.本标准中包括若干牌号的低碳合金钢、铁素体钢、马氏体钢、奥氏体钢和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢。应根据设计和使用要求来选用。
1.4 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
当要求补充试验或检查时，提出补充要求供使用。这些只有买方在订单中逐一规定时才使用。
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material
shall be furnished to inch-pound units.本规范以英寸-磅及SI单位表示。
然而，除非在订单中规定采用”M”规范表示（SI制单位），否则材料将以英寸-磅单位供应。
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.英寸-磅单位或以SI单位表示的数值分别都是标准单位。
在本标准中，SI单位的数值用括号表示。两种单位制的数值并不完全相等，所以每种单位制都必须单独使用。两种单位制的混合使用会导致与本规范的不一致。
2. Referenced Documents引用标准
2.1 In addition to the referenced documents listed in Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards apply to this specification.
除在A961中列出的那些引用标准之外，下列标准可适用于本标准。
2.2 ASTM Standards: 3 ASTM标准
3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
相关ASTM标准，可浏览ASTM网站，www.astm.org或与ASTM客服service@astm.org联络。ASTM标准手册卷次信息，可参见ASTM网站标准文件汇总。
A 234/A 234M Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service 中温及高温用锻制碳钢和合金钢管道附件规范
A 262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Inter-granular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels 测试奥氏体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性规程
A 275/A 275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings
钢锻件的磁粉检验方法
A 336/A 336M Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts 高温承压部件用合金钢锻件规范
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
钢制品机械性能试验方法和定义
A 403/A 403M Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
锻制奥氏体不锈钢管道配件规范
A 479/A 479M Specification for Stainless Steel Bars and Shapes for Use in Boilers and Other Pressure Vessels 锅炉和其它压力容器用不锈钢棒材和型材规范
A 484/A 484M Specification for General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings 不锈钢棒材、钢坯和锻件的一般要求
A 739 Specification for Steel Bars, Alloy, Hot-Wrought, for Elevated Temperature or Pressure-Containing Parts, or Both高温或承压件和高温承压件用热轧合金钢棒材规范
A 763 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Inter-granular Attack in Ferritic Stainless Steels 测定铁素体不锈钢晶间腐蚀敏感性的规定
A 788/A 788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements钢锻件的一般要求
A 961/A 961M Specification for Common Requirements for Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping Applications 管道用钢制法兰，锻制管件，阀门及部件的通用要求
A 965/A 965M Specification for Steel Forgings, Austenitic, for Pressure and High Temperature Parts用于压力和高温下的零件奥氏体钢锻件
E 112 Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size确定平均晶粒尺寸的试验方法
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination 液体渗透检验法规程
E 340 Test Method for Macro-etching Metals and Alloys金属和合金的宏观浸蚀试验方法
2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes:4 ASME锅炉与压力容器规范
4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
可从美国机械工程师协会ASME Three Park Ave., New York，NY 10016-5990获得。
Section IX Welding Qualifications 第Ⅸ卷 焊接鉴定
SFA-5.4 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Covered Welding Electrodes 耐腐蚀铬钢和铬镍钢的电焊条
SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes
低合金钢电焊条
SFA-5.9 Specification for Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding Rods and Bare Electrodes耐腐蚀铬钢和铬镍钢的电焊条和无焊药电焊条
SFA-5.11 Specification for Nickel and Nickel-Alloy Covered Welding Electrodes
镍和镍合金电焊条
3. Ordering Information 订单内容
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order information necessary to purchase the needed material. In addition to the ordering information guidelines in
Specification A 961/A 961M, orders should include the following information:
买方有责任在订单中确定购买所需材料所必须的内容，
除了在A961规范中的采购内容之外，订单中应包括下列内容：
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 6.2.1, Table 2 footnotes, 8.3, and 17.2), and
附加要求（见6.2.1、表2注脚，8.3和17.2）
3.1.2 Requirement, if any, that manufacturer shall submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough forging before machining and the exact location of test specimen
material (see 8.3.1).制造商应提交经批准的表明加工前粗锻件形状和试样准确位置的简图
（见8.3.1节），如果有这种要求。
4. General Requirements通用要求
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
requirements of this specification and Specification A 961/A 961M, this specification shall prevail.依据本标准提供的产品应符合A961规范的要求，包括订单中提出的任何附加要求。
不符合A961规范的一般要求便构成与本标准的不一致。
一旦本标准与A961规范要求有冲突时，以本标准为准。
5. Manufacture 制造
5.1 The low-alloy ferritic steels shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process with the option of separate degassing and refining processes in each
case.低合金铁素体钢可用平炉、电炉或带有单独脱氧和精炼（可选择）的氧气顶吹咸性转炉冶炼。
5.2 The stainless steels shall be melted by one of the following processes:
不锈钢应采用下列方法之一冶炼：
(a) electric-furnace (with the option of separate degassing and refining processes);
电炉（带有单独脱氧首精炼（可选择）；
(b) vacuum-furnace; or 真空炉
(c) one of the former followed by vacuum or electroslag-consumable remelting.
Grade F XM-27Cb may be produced by electron-beam melting.
上述之一种，随后进行真空或电渣自耗重熔。牌号F XM-27Cb可采用电子束熔炼法生产。
5.3 A sufficient discard shall be made to secure freedom from injurious piping and undue segregation.废料应充分切除，以保证排除有害的缩孔和过度偏析。
5.4 The material shall be forged as close as practicable to the specified shape and size. Except for flanges of any type, forged or rolled bar may be used without additional hot
working for small cylindrically shaped parts within the limits defined by Specification A 234/A 234M for low alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels and Specification A 403/
A 403M for austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. Elbows, return bends, tees, and header tees shall not be machined directly from bar stock.
材料应锻制到尽可能接近于实际的规定的形状和尺寸。对于低合金钢和马氏体不锈钢在A234/A234M有定义限定的、对于奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢在A403/A403M定义限定内的小圆筒状部件，
任何类型的法兰除外，锻制或轧制的棒材不需要另外进行热加工便可采用。
弯头、U型弯头、三通和连接管三通不应直接用于棒材加工。
5.5 Except as provided for in 5.4, the finished product shall be a forging as defined in the Terminology section of Specification A 788.
除5.4节的规定外，成品应是A788术语章节所定义的锻件。
6. Heat Treatment5 热处理
5 A solution annealing temperature above 1950 °F [1065 °C] may impair the resistance to inter-granular corrosion after subsequent exposure to sensitizing conditions in F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H. When specified by the purchaser, a lower temperature stabilization or resolution annealing shall be used subsequent to the initial high temperature solution anneal
(see Supplementary Requirement S10).牌号为F321、F321H、F347、F347H、F348、F348H的固熔退火温度高于1950 °F [1065 °C]会在随后暴露与敏感状态下时削弱抗晶间腐蚀性能。
当买方有特殊要求时，在首次高温固熔退火后应进行较低温度的稳定或再固熔退火（见补充要求S10）。
6.1 After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a temperature below 1000 °F [538 °C] prior to heat treating in accordance with the requirements of Table 1.
热加工后，锻件按表1的要求进行热处理前，应冷却至低于1000 °F [538 °C]
6.2 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels—The low alloy steels and ferritic and martensitic stainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the
requirements of 6.1 and Table 1.低合金钢、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢—低合金钢、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢应按6.1节和表1的要求进行热处理。
6.2.1 Liquid Quenching—When agreed to by the purchaser, liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted provided the temperatures in Table 1 for each grade are
utilized.液体淬火-经买方同意后，允许在液体淬火后接着回火，每种牌号应采用表1中的回火温度。
6.2.1.1 Marking—Parts that are liquid quenched and tempered shall be marked “QT.”
标记-经液体淬火加回火的部件应标上字母”QT”
6.2.2 Alternatively, Grade F 1, F 2, and F 12, Classes 1 and 2 may be given a heat treatment of 1200 °F [650 °C] minimum after final hot or cold forming.另外，牌号F1、F2和F12，一级和二级在进行最终或热定型之后可进行最低温度为1200 °F [650 °C]的热处理。
6.3 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steels—The austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels shall be heat treated in accordance with the requirements of 6.1 and Table 1.
奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢-奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢应按6.1节和表1的要求热处理。
6.3.1 Alternatively, immediately following hot working, while the temperature of the forging is not less than the minimum solution annealing temperature specified in Table 1,
forgings made from austenitic grades (except grades F 304H, F 309H, F 310, F 310H, F 316H, F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, F 348H, F 45, and F 56) may be individually rapidly quenched in accordance with the requirements of Table 1.另外，奥氏体一些牌号
（牌号F304H、F316H、F321、F321H、F347、F347H、F348和F348H除外）的锻件可按表1的要求逐一地快速淬火，当锻件的温度不低于表1规定的最低固熔温度时，紧接着进行热加工。
6.3.2 See Supplementary Requirement S8 if a particular heat treatment method is to be employed.如果要采用特殊的热处理方法，见补充要求S8。
6.4 Time of Heat Treatment—Heat treatment of forgings may be performed before machining.热处理时间-锻件热处理可在机加工前进行。
6.5 Forged or Rolled Bar—Forged or rolled austenitic stainless bar from which small cylindrically shaped parts are to be machined, as permitted by 5.4, and the parts machined from such bar, without heat treatment after machining, shall be furnished to the annealing requirements of Specification A479/A479M or this specification, with subsequent light cold
drawing and straightening permitted
(see Supplementary Requirement S3 if annealing must be the final operation).
锻制或轧制棒材-5.4节允许的用于加工小圆柱形部件的锻制或轧制奥氏体不锈钢棒材和由这种棒材加工的并加工后不进行热处理的部件应接A479或本标准规定的热处理要求供货。并允许热处理后再作轻度冷拔和矫直（如果退火必须是最后工序，见补充要求S3）。
|
表1热处理要求 |
|||||
|
牌号 |
热处理类型 |
最低奥氏体化/固熔化温度 oF（oC）A |
冷却方式 |
淬冷低于 oF（oC） |
最低回火温度 oF（oC） |
|
低合金钢 |
|||||
Anneal：退火
Normalize and temper：正火加回火
Furnace cool：炉冷
Air cool：空冷
Liquid：液冷
A Minimum unless temperature range is listed. 除列出温度范围外为最低值
B Not applicable.不适用
C Grade F 52 shall be solution treated at 1825 to 1875 °F [995 to 1025 °C] 30 min/in. of thickness and water quenched.
牌号F52应在1825~1875oF（995~1025oC）每英寸壁厚30分钟固熔处理加水淬。
7. Chemical Composition化学成份
7.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specification A 961/A 961M shall be made and conform to the chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
应依据A961规范进行化学热分析并与表2的化学成份要求一致。
7.2 Grades to which lead, selenium, or other elements are added for the purpose of rendering the material free-machining shall not be used.
为使材料易于切削而添加铅、硒或其它元素的牌号不应使用。
7.3 Starting material produced to a specification that specifically requires the addition of any element beyond those listed in Table 2 for the applicable grade of material is not permitted.
按某一标准生产的原材料，其特殊要求添加超出列于表2相应材料牌号的任何元素，是不允许的。
7.4 Steel grades covered in this specification shall not contain an unspecified element, other than nitrogen in stainless steels, for the ordered grade to the extent that the steel conforms to the requirements of another grade for which that element is a specified element having a required minimum content. For this requirement, a grade is defined as an alloy described individually and identified by its own UNS designation or Grade designation and identification symbol in Table 2.
对于所订购的本规范的不锈钢牌号，含有一种未规定元素（除氮外）不应达到这种程度，使其钢符合另一种牌号的要求，而对这个牌号该元素为规定的具有所需的最小含量。对于这个要求，
一个牌号定义为一种合金，该合金包括在本规范成份要求表2中由其自身的UNS号分别规定和标示。
7.5 Product Analysis—The purchaser may make a product analysis on products supplied to this specification in accordance with Specification A 961/A 961M.
产品分析-买方可以依据A961规范要求对依据本规范提供的产品进行产品分析。
A All values are maximum unless otherwise stated.除非有特别说明，否则所有的数值为最大值。
B Grade F 2 was formerly assigned to the 1 % chromium, 0.5 % molybdenum grade which is now Grade F 12. F2钢原定为含Cr1%，Mo0.5%，该含量现在为F12钢。
C The present grade F 5a (0.25 max carbon) previous to 1955 was assigned the identification symbol
F 5. Identification symbol F 5 in 1955 was assigned to the 0.15 max carbon grade to be consistent with ASTM specifications for other products such as pipe, tubing, bolting, welding fittings, and the like.
现F5a钢（最大含C量0.25）按1955年以前的规定为F5钢。
1955年F5钢规定最高含C量为0.15，符合管子、管道、螺栓、焊接管件等这类产品的ASTM标准。
D Applies to both heat and product analyses.应用于热处理和产品分析。
E For Grade F22V, rare earth metals (REM) may be added in place of calcium, subject to agreement between the producer and the purchaser. In that case the total amount of REM shall be determined and reported.对于F22V钢，为稀土族金属（REM）可加入以替代Ca，需经制造商和买方商定。
在这种情况下应确定REM的总量并提出报告。
F Naming system developed and applied by ASTM.名称符合由ASTM制定和使用
G Grade F XM-27Cb shall have a nickel plus copper content of 0.50 max %.
Product analysis tolerance over the maximum specified limit for carbon and nitrogen shall be 0.002 %.
F XM-27Cb钢含（Ni+Cu）≦0.50%，产品分析中含C和N在最大规定值的上偏差应为0.002%。
H Grades F 304, F 304L, F 316, and F 316L shall have a maximum nitrogen content of 0.10 %.
F 304N、F316N、F304LN和F 316L N钢含N量应为0.10~0.16%
I Grades F 304N, F 316N, F 304LN, and F 316LN shall have a nitrogen content of 0.10 to 0.16 %.
F321钢的含Ti量应小于含C量的5倍，但不大于0.70%
J Grade F 316Ti shall have a titanium content not less than five times the carbon plus nitrogen content and not more than 0.70 %.牌号F 316钢含Ti量应不小于碳加氮成份的五倍和不超过0.70%
K Grade F 321 shall have a titanium content of not less than five times the carbon content and not more than 0.70 %. F321钢的含Ti量应不小于含C量的5倍，但不大于0.70%
L Grade F 321H shall have a titanium content of not less than four times the carbon content and not more than 0.70 %.F321H钢的含Ti量应不小于含C量的4倍，但不大于0.70%
M Grades F 347 and F 348 shall have a columbium content of not less than ten times the carbon content and not more than 1.10 %. F347H和F348H钢的含Nb量应不小于含C量的8倍，但不大于1.10%
N Grades F 347H and F 348H shall have a columbium content of not less than eight times the carbon content and not more than 1.10 %. F347H和F348H钢的含Nb量应不小于含C量的8倍，但不大于1.10%。
O % Cr + 3.3 X % Mo + 16 X % N = 40 min. %Cr+3.3 X %Mo+16 X % N=40最小
8. Mechanical Properties 机械性能
8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties for the grade ordered as listed in Table 3.材料的机械性能所订购的牌号应符合表3的规定。
8.2 Mechanical test specimens shall be obtained from production forgings, or from separately forged test blanks prepared from the stock used to make the finished product. In
either case, mechanical test specimens shall not be removed until after all heat treatment is complete. If repair welding is required, test specimens shall not be removed until after
post-weld heat treatment is complete, except for ferritic grades when the post-weld heat treatment is conducted at least 50 °F [30 °C] below the actual tempering temperature. When test blanks are used, they shall receive approximately the same working as the finished product. The test blanks shall be heat treated with the finished product and shall approximate the maximum cross section of the forgings they represent.
机械性能试验的试样应取自产品锻件，或取自用制造成品的坯料单独锻造的试块。在这两种情况下，应在完成全部的热处理后，再切取机械性能试验的试样。如果需要焊补，则在完成焊后热处理后在切取试样。但对铁素体牌号在低于实际回火温度至少50 °F [30 °C]下进行焊后热处理时除外。
当使用试块时，试块应接受与成品大致相同的加工。试块应同成品一起进行热处理，并应有近似于所代表锻件的最大截面。
8.3 For normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen shall correspond to the 1⁄4 T plane or deeper position where T is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the mid-length of the test specimen shall be at least T from any second
heat-treated surface. When the section thickness does not permit this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as near as possible to the prescribed location, as agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.
正火加回火或淬火加回火处理的锻件，其试样的中心轴线应对应于所代表锻件最大热处理厚度T的1/4平面或更深部位。另外，经淬火加回火处理的锻件，试样的长度中点至另一个热处理表面的距离应至少为T。当截面的厚度不允许这样取位时，经买供双方商定试样的取位应尽可能地接近规定的部位。
8.3.1 With prior purchase approval, the test specimen for ferritic steel forgings may be taken at a depth (t) corresponding to the distance from the area of significant stress to the nearest
heat-treated surface and at least twice this distance (2 t) from any second surface. However, the test depth shall not be nearer to one treated surface than 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] and to the second treated surface than 11⁄2 in. [38 mm]. This method of test specimen location would normally apply to contour-forged parts, or parts with thick cross-sectional areas where
1⁄4T * T testing (see 8.3) is not practical. Sketches showing the exact test locations shall be approved by the purchaser when this method is used.经买方批准，作为铁素体钢锻件的试样可取自深度（t）相当于自有效应力面至最靠近的热处理表面距离，和自任何另一个热处理表面至少2倍这个距离（2t）。然而，试验深度至一个热处理表面不应小于3/4英寸（19mm）和至任何另一个热处理表不应小于1-1/2英寸（38mm）。试样的这种取位方法一般仅使用在模锻部件或在厚截面部位1/4T试验（8.3节）是不切合实际的部件。采用这种方法时，表示准确试验位置的草图应经买方批准。
8.3.2 Metal Buffers—The required distances from heat-treated surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy
steel, and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be located at 1⁄2-in. [13-mm] minimum from the buffered
surface of the forging. Buffers shall be removed and the welded areas subjected to magnetic particle test to ensure freedom from cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed
by subsequent machining.
金属缓冲垫-与热处理表面的要求距离可以由于金属缓冲垫而得到而不必整体延长。
缓冲垫材料可以是碳钢或低合金钢，用局部渗透焊接来密封缓冲表面并与锻件连接。
试样应位于距离锻件缓冲垫表面最小1/2英寸（13mm）的位置。
缓冲垫应去除，焊接区域应经磁粉检验以确保裂纹，除非在随后的加工中焊接区域被完全消除。
8.4 For annealed low alloy steels, ferritic stainless steels, and martensitic stainless steels, and also for austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels, the test specimen may be
taken from any convenient location.对于退火的低合金钢、铁素体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢和对于奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢，试样可取自任何便于切取的部位。
8.5 Tension Tests:拉伸试验
8.5.1 Low Alloy Steels and Ferritic and Martensitic Stainless Steels—One tension test shall be made for each heat in each heat treatment charge.
低合金钢、铁素体和马氏体不锈钢-每一热处理装料的每一冶炼炉次应作一个拉伸试验。
8.5.1.1 When the heat-treating cycles are the same and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type) are controlled within 625 °F [614 °C] and equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are available, then only one tension test from each heat of each forging type (see Note 1) and section size is required, instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment charge.
当热处理过程相同而且热处理炉（按批装料或连续装料）的温差都控制在±625oF（±614oC）以内，并配备了高温记录仪，能得到完整的热处理记录，则只需对每种锻件类型（注1）和截面尺寸的每一冶炼炉次作一个拉伸试验，而无需对每一热处理装料的每一冶炼炉次作一个试验。
NOTE 1—“Type” in this case is used to describe the forging shape such as a flange, ell, tee, and the like.这里的类型表示锻件的形状，如法兰、L型短管及三通等。
8.5.2 Austenitic and Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel Grades—One tension test shall be made for each heat. 奥氏体和铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢-应对每一冶炼炉次作一个拉伸试验。
8.5.2.1 When heat treated in accordance with 6.1, the test blank or forging used to provide the test specimen shall be heat treated with a finished forged product.
按6.1节进行热处理时，用于提供试样的试块或锻件应同成品锻件一起进行热处理。
8.5.2.2 When the alternative method in 6.3.1 is used, the test blank or forging used to provide the test specimen shall be forged and quenched under the same processing conditions as
the forgings they represent. 当采用6.3.1节的替代方法时，用于提供试样的试块或锻件应在与它们所代表的锻件相同的制程条件下锻制和淬火。
8.5.3 Testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370 using the largest feasible of the round specimens. The gage length for measuring elongation
shall be four times the diameter of the test section.
应按A370试验方法及定义，用最方便的圆形试样做试验。测定伸长率的标长应是试验截面直径的4倍。
8.6 Hardness Tests:硬度试验
8.6.1 Except when only one forging is produced, a minimum of two pieces per batch or continuous run as defined in 8.6.2 shall be hardness tested in accordance with Test Methods
and Definitions A 370 to ensure that the forgings are within the hardness limits given for each grade in Table 3. The purchaser may verify that the requirement has been met by testing at any location on the forging provided such testing does not render the forging useless.
除仅生产一个锻件之外，对8.6.2节所述的每一批或连续装料，最少两件应按A370试验方法和定义进行硬度试验，以保证锻件的硬度在表3所列每一牌号的硬度范围内。
买方可在锻件的任何部位用试验验证硬度符合要求，但这种试验不得导致锻件不能使用。
8.6.2 When the reduced number of tension tests permitted by 8.5.1.1 is applied, additional hardness tests shall be made on forgings or samples, as defined in 8.2, scattered throughout the load (see Note 2). At least eight samples shall be checked from each batch load, and at least one check per hour shall be made from a continuous run. When the furnace batch is less than eight forgings, each forging shall be checked. If any check falls outside the prescribed limits, the entire lot of forgings shall be reheat treated and the requirements of 8.5.1 shall apply. 当按8.5.1.1节的规定而允许减少拉伸试验次数时，应在按8.2节规定的全部散开装料的锻件或试样上进行附加的硬度试验（注2）。每批装料至少应检查8个试样，连续装料至少每小时检查一次。炉批量少于8个锻件时，应检查每个锻件。如果任何一次检查超出规定范围，则全批锻件应重新进行热处理并执行8.5.1节的规定。
NOTE 2—The tension test required in 8.5.1 is used to determine material capability and conformance in addition to verifying the adequacy of the heat-treatment cycle. Additional hardness tests in accordance with 8.6.2 are required when 8.5.1.1 is applied to ensure the prescribed heat-treating cycle and uniformity throughout the load.
8.5.1节要求的拉伸试验除检验热处理过程的适宜性外，还用来确定材料的性能和一致性。
当采用8.5.1.1节的做法时，要求按8.6.2节进行附加硬度试验，以保证规定的热处理过程和装料的均匀性。
TABLE 3 Tensile and Hardness Requirements 抗拉和硬度要求
|
牌号 |
最小抗拉强度 |
最小屈服强度 |
2in（50mm）或 4D的最小伸长率% |
最小断面 收缩率% |
HB |
|
低合金钢 |
|||||
A Determined by the 0.2 % offset method. For ferritic steels only, the 0.5 % extension-under-load method may also be used.
通过0.2%残余变形法确定。仅对铁素体钢，也使用载荷下的0.5%伸长。
B For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 70 ksi [485 MPa].截面厚度超过5in.（130mm）的，其最小抗拉强度应为70ksi（485MPa）
C For sections over 5 in. [130 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 65 ksi [450 MPa].截面厚度超过5in.（130mm）的其最小抗拉强度应为65ksi（450MPa）
D Longitudinal. The transverse elongation shall be 25 % in 2 in. or 50 mm, min.
纵向的。2in或50mm标距横向最小伸长率为25%。
E Longitudinal. The transverse reduction of area shall be 45 % min.
纵向的。横向最小断面收缩率应为45%。
F For sections over 2 in. [50 mm] in thickness, the minimum tensile strength shall be 106 ksi [730 MPa]; the minimum yield strength shall be 75 ksi [515 MPa]截面厚度超过2in（50mm）的，其最小抗拉强度应106Ksi（730MPa），最小屈服度应为75Ksi（515MPa）。
8.7 Notch Toughness Requirements—Grades F 3V, F 3VCb, and F 22V.
缺口韧性要求-牌号F3V、F3VCb和F22V
8.7.1 Impact test specimens shall be Charpy V-notch Type, as shown in Fig. 11a of Test Methods and Definitions A 370. The usage of subsize specimens due to material limitations
must have prior purchaser approval.冲击试样应为夏比V形缺口型，如A370试验方法和定义图11a所示。由于材料限制而使用小尺寸试样必须经买方批准。
8.7.2 The Charpy V-notch test specimens shall be obtained as required for tension tests in 8.2, 8.3 and 8.5. One set of three Charpy V-notch specimens shall be taken from each tensile
specimen location.夏比V型缺口试样按8.2、8.3和8.5节对拉伸试验的要求获取。
3个一组夏比V型缺口试样应取自每个拉伸试样部位。
8.7.3 The longitudinal axis and mid-length of impact specimen shall be located similarly to the longitudinal axis of the tension test specimens. The axis of the notch shall be normal to
the nearest heat-treated surface of the forging.冲击试样的纵轴和中部-长度的取位应相似于拉伸试样的纵轴。缺口的轴线应垂直于最靠近的锻件热处理表面。
8.7.4 The Charpy V-notch tests shall meet a minimum energy absorption value of 40 ft-lbf [54 J] average of three specimens. One specimen only in one set may be below 40
ft-lbf [54 J], and it shall meet a minimum value of 35 ft-lbf [48J].
夏比V形缺口冲击试验3个试样的平均能量吸收值最小应达到40英尺-磅力（54J）。
仅一组内的1个试验可能低于40英尺-磅力（54J），但应达到35英尺-磅力（48J）的最小值。
8.7.5 The impact test temperature shall be 0 °F [−18 °C].
冲击试验温度应是0oF（-18oC）
9. Grain Size for Austenitic Grades 奥氏体牌号的晶粒尺寸
9.1 All H grades and grade F 63 shall be tested for average grain size by Test Methods E 112.
所有H牌号应接 E112试验方法试验证得出平均晶粒尺寸
9.1.1 Grades F 304H, F 309H, F 310H, and F 316H shall have a grain size of ASTM No. 6 or coarser.牌号F304H、F309H、F310H和F316H应有等于大于ASTM No.6的晶粒尺寸
9.1.2 Grades F 321H, F 347H, and F 348H shall have a grain size of ASTM No. 7 or coarser.
牌号F321H、F347H和F348H应有等于大于ASTM No.7的晶粒尺寸
9.1.3 Grade F 63 shall have a grain size of ASTM No. 3 or finer.
牌号F63应有等于小于ASTM No.3的晶粒尺寸
10. Corrosion Testing for Austenitic Grades奥氏体牌号的腐蚀试验
10.1 Corrosion testing is not required by this specification. 本标准不要求腐蚀试验
10.2 Austenitic grades shall be capable of meeting the inter-granular corrosion test requirements described in Supplementary Requirement S4.
奥氏体牌号应能满足补充要求S4所规定的晶间腐蚀要求。
11. Re-treatment重新处理
11.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may reheat treat the forgings and repeat the tests specified in Section 8.
如果机械性能试验的结果不符合规定的要求，制造商可对锻件重新进行热处理，
并按第8节的规定重新进行试验。
12. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 产品的加工质量
12.1 Forgings shall conform to the requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M.
锻件应符合A961/A961M规范的要求。
12.2 The forgings shall be free of scale, machining burrs which might hinder fit-up, and other injurious imperfections as defined herein. The forgings shall have a workmanlike finish,
and machined surfaces (other than surfaces having special requirements) shall have a surface finish not to exceed 250 AA (arithmetic average) roughness height.
锻件不应有氧化皮和可能妨碍安装的机加工毛刺及其它如本标准所指的有害缺陷。锻件应具有良好的加工质量，机加工表面（有特殊要求的表面除外）的粗糙度应不超过250AA（算术平均值）。
13. Repair by Welding 焊补
13.1 Weld repairs shall be permitted (see Supplementary Requirement S9 of Specification A 961/A 961M) at the discretion of the manufacturer with the following limitations and
requirements:应允许焊补（见A961规范的补充要求S9），这由于制造商处理，其范围和要求如下：
13.1.1 The welding procedure and welders shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
焊接制程和焊工应按ASME锅炉与压力容器规范第IX卷评定。
13.1.2 The weld metal shall be deposited using the electrodes specified in Table 4 except as otherwise provided in Supplementary Requirement S5. The electrodes shall be purchased
in accordance with ASME Specifications SFA-5.4, SFA-5.5, SFA-5.9, or SFA-5.11. The submerged arc process with neutral flux, the gas metal-arc process, the gas tungsten
arc process, and gas shielded processes using flux-core consumables, may be used.
焊补金属应使用表4规定的电焊条堆焊，补充要求S5有规定的除外。焊条应根据ASME规范SFA-5.4、SFA-5.5、SFA-5.9或SFA-5.11采购。也可使用中性焊药的埋弧焊、气体保护金属极电弧焊和气体保护钨极电弧焊制程，气体保护熔化极药焊丝焊制程。
13.1.3 Defects shall be completely removed prior to welding by chipping or grinding to sound metal as verified by magnetic-particle inspection in accordance with Test Method
A 275/A 275M for the low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, or ferritic-austenitic stainless steels, or by liquid-penetrant inspection in accordance with Test Method E 165 for all grades.缺陷在焊补前应全部铲除或磨掉，直到露出完好金属，为此，对低合金钢和铁素体、马氏体或铁素体-奥氏体不锈钢按A275/A275M的磁粉法检验，或对所有牌号按E165的液体渗透法检验。
13.1.4 After repair welding, the welded area shall be ground smooth to the original contour and shall be completely free of defects as verified by magnetic-particle or liquid-penetrant
inspection, as applicable.
焊补后应将焊补区打磨到原来形状，并由用磁粉或液体渗透法检验证实缺陷已完全清除。
13.1.5 The preheat, inter-pass temperature, and post-weld heat treatment requirements given in Table 4 shall be met. Austenitic stainless steel forgings may be repair-welded without the post-weld heat treatment of Table 4, provided purchaser approval is obtained prior to repair.预热，层间温度和焊后热处理应符合表4的要求。
奥氏体钢锻件可以焊补而无需按表4进行焊后热处理，但其条件是在焊补前获得买方的认可。
13.1.6 Repair by welding shall not exceed 10 % of the surface area of the forging nor 331⁄3 % of the wall thickness of the finished forging or 3⁄8 in. [9.5 mm], whichever is less,
without prior approval of the purchaser.未经买方预先认可，焊补区的面积应不超过锻件表面积的10%，深度也不应超过产品锻件壁厚的33-1/3%或3/8英寸（9.5mm），取较小值。
13.1.7 When approval of the purchaser is obtained, the limitations set forth in 13.1.6 may be exceeded, but all other requirements of Section 13 shall apply.
经买方认可后，13.1.6节规定的范围可以超过，但第13节的其它全部要求应遵守。
13.1.8 No weld repairs are permitted for F 6a Classes 3 and 4.对F6a的3、4级不允许焊补。
13.1.9 Post-weld heat treatment times for F 36 are: for Class 1, up to 2 in. [50 mm] in thickness, 1 h per in. [25 mm], 15 minutes minimum, and over 2 in. [50 mm], 15 minutes for each additional in. of thickness or fraction thereof; for Class 2, 1 h per in. [25 mm], 1⁄2 h minimum. F36焊后热处理的时间是：等级1，厚度最大到2英寸（50mm），每英寸（25mm）是
1小时，最少是15分钟。超过2英寸（50mm），厚度所增加的英寸或部份是15分钟。等级2，是每英寸（25mm）1小时，最少是1/2小时。
TABLE 4 Repair Welding Requirements 补焊要求
|
牌号 |
焊条A |
推荐的预热和层间温度范围 oF（oC） |
最低焊后 热处理温度oF（oC） |
|
牌号 |
焊条A |
推荐的预热和层间温度范围 oF（oC） |
最低焊后 热处理温度oF（oC） |
A Electrodes shall comply with ASME SFA 5.4, SFA 5.5, and corresponding ER grades of SFA-5.9 or SFA-5.11.
焊条应符合ASME SFA5.4，SFA5.5和SFA5.9或SFA5.11中的有关牌号ER的规定。
B Purchaser approval required.要求买方同意
C Not required for not below 0.500 in. [12.7 mm]. 对不低于0.500in.（12.7mm）的不要求。
D NR = not required.不要求
E WQ = water quench.水淬
F Filler metal shall additionally have 0.04 % minimum carbon.
填充金属应附加0.04%的最低含碳量
G Match filler metal is available. Fabricators have also used AWS A 5.14, Class ER, NiCrMo-3 and AWS A 5.11, Class E, NiCrMo-3 filler metals.适用于相配的填充金属。
制造商也应采用AWS A5.14，ER级，Ni CrMo-3和AWS A5.11，E级，Ni CrMo-3填充金属
14. Inspection 检查
14.1 Inspection provisions of Specification A 961/A 961M apply.
应使用A961规范的检查规则
15. Rejection and Rehearing拒收和复审
15.1 The purchaser shall comply with the provisions of Specification A 961/A 961M.
买方应遵守A961规范的规定
16. Certification 证明书
16.1 In addition to the certification requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, test reports shall be furnished to the purchaser or his representative.
除了A961规范的证明要求之外，试验报告也应提供给买方或其代表。
16.2 Test reports shall include certification that all requirements of this specification have been met. The specification designation included on test reports shall include year of issue
and revision letter, if any. The manufacturer shall provide the following where applicable:
试验报告应包括已达到本标准的全部要求的证明。
试验报告上的规范号应包括规范的出版年代和修订号，如需要。制造商应提供下列内容：
16.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 6, 热处理类型，第6节
16.2.2 Product analysis results, Section 8 of Specification A 961/A 961M,
产品分析结果，A961规范第8节
16.2.3 Tensile property results, Section 8 (Table 3), report the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elongation and reduction in area, in percent,
抗拉性能结果，第8节（表3）。给出屈服强度和极限强度，Ksi（MPa），伸长率和断面收缩率，%。
16.2.4 Chemical analysis results, Section 7 (Table 2),化学分析结果，第7节（表2）
16.2.5 Hardness results, Section 8 (Table 3),硬度结果，第8节（表3）
16.2.6 Grain size results, Section 9, and晶粒尺寸结果，第9节
16.2.7 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase order.
买方订单要求的任何补充试验。
17. Product Marking 成品标志
17.1 In addition to the marking requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, the
manufacturer’s name (see Note 3) or symbol shall be permanently marked on each forging.
除了标准A961/A961M的标示规定外，制造商的名字（见注3）或符号应永久在每一锻件中标示。
NOTE 3—For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer is considered the organization that certifies the piping component was manufactured, sampled, and tested in accordance with this specification, and the results have been determined to meet the requirements of this specification.
打印识别标志的目的是表明钢厂是出具证书的机构，能出证说明管道组件是按照本标准制造、取样和试验的，且其结果经判定符合本标准的要求。
17.1.1 Quenched and tempered low alloy or martensitic stainless forgings shall be stamped with the letters QT following the specification designation.
淬火和回火的低合金钢或马氏体不锈钢锻件应该在标准号之加字母”QT”。
17.1.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with the letter “W” following the Specification designation. When repair-welded austenitic stainless steel forgings have not been postweld heat treated in accordance with Table 4, the letters “WNS” shall be marked following the specification designation.焊接修理过的锻件应在标准号之后加字母”W”。
当焊接修理过的奥氏体不锈钢锻件未按照表4作过焊后热处理时，应在标准号之后加字母”WNS”。
17.1.3 When test reports are required, the markings shall consist of the manufacturer’s symbol or name, the grade symbol, and such other markings as necessary to identify the
part with the test report (17.1.1 and 17.1.2 shall apply).当要求试验报告时，标记中应包括厂标或厂名，级别代号和识别零件所对应的试验报告（按17.1.1和17.1.2的规定）的其它必要标志。
17.1.4 Parts meeting all requirements for more than one class or grade may be marked with more than one class or grade designation such as F 304/F 304H, F 304/F 304L, and the like.
满足一个以上类别或级别钢之全部要求的零件，可以标志一个以上的类别或级别标号，例如像标记F304/F304H，F304/F304L等。
17.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 17.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar
coding system to be used. The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent with one of the published industry standards for bar coding. If used on
small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied tag.
条形码-除了在17.1条中的要求以外，条形码也可以作补充的标识方法。订货方可在订货单中指定应采用的特殊条形码系统。如果是按供货方的意向所采用的条形码系统则应符合一个已发布的条形码工业标准。如果是用在小尺寸零件上，条形码也可是贴在包装箱或紧固系的标签上。
18. Keywords关键词
18.1 austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢; chromium alloy steel 铬合金钢; chromium-molybdenum steel铬-钼合金钢; ferritic/austenitic stainless steel
铁素体/奥氏体不锈钢; ferritic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢; martensitic stainless steel
马氏体不锈钢; nickel alloy steel 镍合金钢; notch toughness requirements缺口韧性要求;
pipe fittings钢制公称管（道）配件; piping applications管道用; pressure containing parts
受压组件; stainless steel fittings不锈钢配件;stainless steel forgings不锈钢锻件; steel钢
; steel flanges钢法兰; steel forgings, alloy钢锻件，合金; steel valves钢制阀门; temperature service applications, elevated高温下使用; temperature service applications, high; wrought material 强高温下使用锻轧材料
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS 补充要求
In addition to any of the supplementary requirements of Specification A 961/A 961M, the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the order. 下列补充要求只有当买方在询价，合同单及订货单中规定时才适用。
S1. Macroetch Test 宏观浸蚀试验
S1.1 A sample forging shall be sectioned and etched to show flow lines and internal imperfections. The test shall be conducted according to Test Method E 340. Details of the test shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
为显示锻件的流线和内部缺陷应对锻件试样切片并浸蚀。试验应按E340方法进行。
试验的细节应由钢厂和买方双方商定。
S2. Heat Treatment Details 热处理细节
S2.1 The manufacturer shall furnish a detailed test report containing the information required in 16.2 and shall include all pertinent details of the heat-treating cycle given the forgings.
钢厂应提交含有17.2所要求的资料的详细试验报告，并应包括锻件所经受的热处理过程全部相应的细节说明。
S3. Material for Optimum Resistance to Stress-Corrosion Cracking 最佳应力腐蚀裂纹的材料
S3.1 Austenitic stainless steel shall be furnished in the solution-annealed condition as a final operation with no subsequent cold working permitted, except, unless specifically prohibited by the purchaser, straightening of bars from which parts are machined is permitted to meet the requirements of Specification A 484/A 484M.
奥氏体不锈钢应以固溶退火状态作为最终状态供货，而不允许有后继冷加工；
此外，除非买方明确禁止外，为使机加工零件满足A484/A484M标准的要求，允许对棒料进行矫直。
S4. Corrosion Tests腐蚀试验
S4.1 All austenitic stainless steels shall pass intergranular corrosion tests performed in accordance with Practice E of Practices A 262.所有的奥氏体不锈钢均应通过对其发货状态下晶间腐蚀试验。试验应按照A262实用规程的操作方法”E”进行。
S4.2 Intergranular corrosion tests shall be performed on specimens of ferritic stainless steels as described in Practices A 763.
铁素体型不锈钢试样的晶间腐蚀试验应按A763实用规程的规定进行。
S4.3 For both the austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, details concerning the number of specimens and their source and location are to be a matter of agreement between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.对于奥氏体不锈钢和铁素体不锈钢，有关两种型号钢的试样数量，取样源及取样位置的细节应由钢厂和买方双方商定。
S5. Special Filler Metal 特殊的填充金属
S5.1 In repair-welded F 316, F 316L, F 316H, and F 316N forgings, the deposited weld metal shall conform to E 308 composition wire. Forgings repair welded with E 308 weld metal shall be marked F __ W 308. 焊接修理F316、F316L、F316H及F316N钢的锻件时，其熔敷焊缝金属应符合E308焊丝成份。用E308成份焊缝金属焊接修理的锻件应加”F-W308”标志。
S6. Hardness Test 硬度试验
S6.1 Each forging shall be hardness tested and shall meet the requirements of Table 3.
每个锻件应经硬度试验，并应满足表3的要求。
S7. Alternate Heat Treatment (Grade F 91 and F 92) 替代热处理（F91和F92级钢）
S7.1 Grade F 91 shall be normalized in accordance with Section 6 and tempered at a temperature, to be specified by the purchaser, less than 1350 °F [730 °C]. It shall be the purchaser’s responsibility to subsequently temper at 1350 °F [730 °C] minimum to conform to the requirements of the specification. All mechanical tests shall be made on material heat treated in accordance with Section 6. The certification shall reference this supplementary requirement indicating the tempering temperature applied. The notation “S7”shall be included with the required marking of the forging.F91钢应按照第6节进行正火，并在买方规定的低于1350°F [730 °C]的温度下回火。为了满足标准的要求在不低于1350°F [730 °C]下进行再次回火处理应是买方的责任。所有的力学性能试验应按第6节的规定在热处理后的材料上进行。合格证明上应注明引用本条补充要求所采用的回火温度。字符”S7”应包括在锻件所需的标志内。
S8. Heat Treatment of Austenitic Forgings奥氏体钢锻件的热处理
S8.1 The purchaser shall specify the heat-treatment method (in 6.1 or in 6.3.1) that shall be employed. 订货方应指定所需采用的热处理方法（6.1或6.3.1条中）。
S8.2 The manufacturer shall provide a test report containing the information required in 16.2 and shall include a statement of the heat-treatment method employed.
钢厂应提供包括16.2条中所要求数据在内的试验报告，并应包括对所采用的热处理方法的说明。
S9. Grain Size for Austenitic Grades 奥氏体级别钢的晶粒度
S9.1 Forgings made from austenitic grades other than H grades shall be tested for average grain size by Test Method E 112. Details of the test shall be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.由H级别以外的不锈钢种制造的锻件应按E112试验方法试验测定平均晶粒度。该项试验的细节应经钢厂和采购者双方同意。
S10. Stabilization Treatment 稳定化热处理
S10.1 Subsequent to the solution anneal for Grades F 321, F 321H, F 347, F 347H, F 348, and F 348H, these grades shall be given a stabilization heat treatment at 1500 to 1600 °F [815
to 870 °C] for a minimum of 2 h/in. [4.7 min/mm] of thickness and then cooling in the furnace or in air. In addition to the marking required in Section 17, the grade designation symbol
shall be followed by the symbol “S10.”对于F321，F321H，F347，F347H，F348，F348H级别钢，在固溶退火之后应在1500到1950°F[815到870 °C]经稳定化热处理，保温时间最小2h/in，厚度（4.7min/mm厚度），然后在炉内或空气中冷却。除了第18节要求的标志外，在级别标号之后应加上字符”S16”。
S11. Grain Size Requirements for Non-H-Grade Austenitic Steels Used Above
1000 °F [540 °C] 非H牌号奥氏体钢用于温度超过（1000 °F [540 °C]以上）的晶粒尺寸要求
S11.1 Non-H grades of austenitic stainless steels shall have a grain size of No. 7 or coarser as determined in accordance with Test Methods E 112. The grain size so determined shall be
on a certified test report. 依据E112试验方法，非H牌号奥氏体钢应有等于或大于No.7晶粒尺寸。所测定的晶粒尺寸应记录在合格的试验报告上。
SUMMARY OF CHANGES 更改摘要
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,A 182/A 182M – 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved September 1, 2007)A01委员会标示出自本规范前一版A182/A182M-07的更改，这些可能影响本规范的使用（2007年9月1日批准）
(1) Revised the Yield Strength for Grade F 60 in Table 3. 在表3修改牌号F60的降伏强度
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue, A 182/A 182M – 06, that may impact the use of this specification.
(Approved May 1, 2007)A01委员会标示自本规范前一版A182/A182M-06的更改，这些可能影响本规范的使用（2007年05月1日批准）
(1) Added Grade F 316Ti, S31635, to Tables 1-4 在表1-4增加牌号F 316Ti，S31635
(2) Revised chemistry of Grades F 91, F 92, F 911, and F 122 in Table 2.
在表2中加入F91、F92、F911和F122的修改化学成份
(3) Added grades to direct quench exclusion in 6.3.1.
在6.3.1增加直接淬火挤出的牌号
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue, A 182/A 182M – 05a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved September 1, 2006)委员会A01标示自本规范上一版A182/A182-05a的更改，这些可能影响本规范的使用（2006年09月01日批准）
(1) Added Grade F 65, UNS 32906, to Tables 1-4.
在表1-4增加牌号F65，UNS 32906
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